Machine for planing



UlTEDST-ATES PATENT OFFOE.

JOSEPH POWELL, EDWARD HOLDEN, AND NELSON BARLOXV, OE ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI.

MACHINE FOR PLANING, TONGUING, AND GROOVING'.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 4,983, dated February 27, 1847; Reissued March 9,

1852, No. 210. Y

To all whom it may concern.'

Be it known that we, JOSEPH POWELL, ED'- wARD HOLDEN, and NELSON BARLow, of the city of St. Louis and State of Missouri, have invented a new and improved machine for planing boards or plank and tonguing and grooving the edges of the same, which we denominate Powell, Barlow & Co.s Improved Planing-Machine and we do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making a part of this specification, in which- Figure l, is a perspective view, Figs. 2, 3, l, and 5, are portions ofthe same detached and enlarged, and Fig. 6,"is a vertical longitudinal section of the machine.

The supporting frame A, we construct of beams, posts and cross-pieces in any well known or usual manner-eighteen feet in length, three feet in breadth, and of a convenient and suitable height, are generally its proportions. The plank or board to be operated upon is passed along the grinding bed-piece J, to the feeding rollers o, o, which conduct it between the bed plate n, and the rotating reducing cutter wheel B, to the feeding rollers c, o. The axles of the feed ing rollers c, c, immediately preceding the reducing wheel, are not in a vertical line with each other; the upper roller ofthe pair being placed nearer to the shaft of the reducing wheel than the lower one. The axles of the pair of feeding rollers c, c, immediately following the reducing wheel, are also placed the same distance out of a vertical line,-the upper roller being placed nearer to the shaft of the reducing wheel than the lower one. These two pairs of feeding rollers are thus arranged for the purpose of springing the board Or plank to the'bedplate 71-and retaining it in close proximity thereto,-as it advances-while thel reducing wheel is operating upon the same; also for holding the ends of the boards or plank to the bed-plate (1%) and preventing their being injured while passing from one pair of feeding rollers to the other, under the reducing wheel. The reducing wheel B, brings the board or plank to a uniform and proper thickness, and is armed with cutters of the most suitable and proper form for effecting that object. From the feeding rollers c', c', the board or plank passes on to the bed plate m, and underl the small rollers 7L, L, and the stationary planing cutters D, D, two or more in number,'-which are so adjusted with each other as to give the boards or plank va perfectly smooth surface in its passage under the same tothe rollers F, F. The rollers 7L, 7L, are placedv immediately in front of the cutters D, D, and are adjusted by means of set screws so as to `exv ert considerable pressure upon the' boards, they are consequently revolved lby the forward motion -of the same, and by the pressure which they exert, they serve to harden the surface of the boards, left in a rough state by the reducing wheel, and prevent the cutters from taking too deep a hold and tearing out splinters from the same. Passing from the feeding rollers F, F, the edges of the boards are operated upon by the tonguing and grooving tools arranged upon the adjustable side plates E and E, placed between the feeding rollers F, F, and GWG, and operating as follows: Sharp edged hori- Zontal cutting disks f, and g, are placed upon vertical axles in the front ends of the adjustable plates E, E. These disks are straight on one side and beveled olf to a thin edge on the other. The disks f, f, have their straight sides placed facing each other at the distance of the required thickness of the tongue to be formed; as the edge of the board comes in Contact with these disks, they out into the same and are thereby caused to revolve, forming incisions each side of the tongue as the board advances; immediately beyond the disks f, f, there are arranged the tonguing cutters a, a, a, which remove the shoulders each side Of the incisions formed by the cutting disks f, f. Just in front of the tonguing cutters a, a, a, there are placed the grooved rollers z', playing loosely upon vertical axles inserted into the plate E; rthe tongue as it is formed on the edge of the board, passes into the grooves in the rollers a', i; the periphery of these rollers at the sides of the grooves in the same, presses on the shoulders on each side of the tongue, a little in advance of the tonguing cutters, and perform the same oiiice in relation thereto that the rollers 71 L, do in connection with the planing cutters D, D, above described.

Opposite to the disks f, f, there are placed the revolving cutting disks g, g, on the front end of the plate E; these cutters are ar; ranged upon their axle with their beveled sides facing each other, and as they come in contact with the edge Of the plank or board they cut incisions on each side of the channel or groove to be formed in the same. Opposite to the tonguing cutters a., a, a, there are arranged the grooving cutters d, CZ, (l, in the adjustable plate E, which form the groove between the incisions made by the disks g, g. Immediately in front of the grooving cutters (Z, (Z, CZ, rollers 7c, 7c, 7J, are

"placed, these rollers play loosely on vertical tongue and groove the proper form andA depth. If it should be deemed expedient a still farther series of tonguing and grooving tools may be added to the machine corresponding Withthose above described.

In Fig. l, of the accompanying drawings, between the feeding rollers F, F, and Gr, Gr, the cuttings disks f, f, and g, g, and the rollers t', z', and 7c, 76, are omitted for the purpose of showing other parts more distinctly; as is also the upper feeding roller G.

n any of the known methods heretofore made use of for tonguing and grooving boards Or plank, there is an effect produced by the action of the cutters which may be described as tearing the edges of the shavings from the wood, this is particularly the case in cutting out the groove. The cutting disks above described, are designed to obviate this difliculty. The incision which they make each side of the tongue and groove, enables the stationary cutters to per form their work with much less power and friction, and to form a smoother and more perfect tongue and groove. The reducing wheel B, and the respective series of feeding rollers are connected to a driving shaft in any convenient or well known' manner.

In constructing our planing machine, it will be apparent that it may be so constructed that the planks or boards may be made to pass through the salne upon their sides, or edges; and that when they are passed through the machine on their sides, the reducing wheel and planing cutters can be arranged so as to operate upon the upper or under surface'of the same, as may be deemed' expedient. We prefer in practice, to have the machine so arranged as to pass the boards or plank through the sameupon their ides, and to operate upon their under surace.

From the combination of the various parts of o-ur planing machine it will be Obvious that it is capable of great rapidity of eXecution, as well as perfection of finish. We feel confident that from seventy tive to one hundred feet of boards can be perfectly planed, tongued and grooved by it per minute; which is from three to four times the amount accomplished by the best planing machines now in use.

Having thus fully described the construction and Operation Of our improved planing machine, what we claim therein as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The combination Of the pairs of feeding rollers c, c, and c', 0, with the bed-plate n, and the rotating reducing wheel B, substantially in the manner and for the purpose herein set forth r-(viz: the placing the axles of the pair Of feeding rollers c, 0, pref ceding the reducing cutter wheel, and the axles Of the pair of feeding rollers c', o', immediately following the same, respectively out of a vertical line with each other, thereby bringing the upper roller of each pair nearer to the shaft of the reducing wheel than the lower one, for the purpose of springing the board or plank to the bedplate, as herein more particularly described.)

2. We also claim the combination of the series Of cutting disks f, f, tonguing cutters o, a, a, and rollers z', z', z', for the purpose of forming the tongue on the edge of boards or plank substantially as herein set forth.

3. We also claim the combination Of the cutting disks g, g, the grooving cutters d, cl, (Z, and rollers 7c, 7c, 7c, for the purpose of forming the groove in the edge of boards Of planll substantially in the manner herein set Ort JOsErn POWELL. [1.. s] EDWARD HOLDEN. [1.. sa NELsON BARLOW. [La] VVit-nesses for Joseph Powell and Edward Holden:

JAMES V. A. SHIELDS, R. BENTON. Titnesses for Nelson Barlow:

Z. C. ROBBINS, ,GUY C. HUMPHR'IES.

[FIRST PRINTED 1913.] 

